Add os.path.fileuri() function

[barneygale]

BPO	44412
Nosy	@barneygale
PRs	bpo-44412: add os.path.fileuri() function. #26708

^{Note: these values reflect the state of the issue at the time it was migrated and might not reflect the current state.}

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GitHub fields:

assignee = None
closed_at = None
created_at = <Date 2021-06-13.16:10:22.472>
labels = ['type-feature', 'library', '3.11']
title = 'Add os.path.fileuri() function'
updated_at = <Date 2021-06-13.16:55:19.479>
user = 'https://github.com/barneygale'

bugs.python.org fields:

activity = <Date 2021-06-13.16:55:19.479>
actor = 'barneygale'
assignee = 'none'
closed = False
closed_date = None
closer = None
components = ['Library (Lib)']
creation = <Date 2021-06-13.16:10:22.472>
creator = 'barneygale'
dependencies = []
files = []
hgrepos = []
issue_num = 44412
keywords = ['patch']
message_count = 1.0
messages = ['395756']
nosy_count = 1.0
nosy_names = ['barneygale']
pr_nums = ['26708']
priority = 'normal'
resolution = None
stage = 'patch review'
status = 'open'
superseder = None
type = 'enhancement'
url = 'https://bugs.python.org/issue44412'
versions = ['Python 3.11']

[barneygale]

Proposal:

• Introduce os.path.fileuri() function that produces a 'file://' URI
• Adjust PurePosixPath.to_uri() to call posixpath.fileuri()
• Adjust PureWindowsPath.to_uri() to call ntpath.fileuri()
• Adjust nturl2path.pathname2url() to call ntpath.fileuri()

Rationale:

• pathlib is 95% a wrapper around os and os.path. It implements
  little itself except the OOP interface. as_uri() is one of only a
  tiny handful of pathlib features that have no decent antecedents.
• the existence of these OS-specific features complicates pathlib's
  internals, necessitating the existence of OS-specific '_Flavour'
  classes that greatly complicate work on bpo-24132
• this is a useful feature with lots of stackoverflow posts. It seems
  silly to /require/ users to use pathlib for this, as the rest of their
  codebase may work just fine using traditional path manip.

Further discussion on python-ideas: https://discuss.python.org/t/pathlib-and-os-path-feature-parity-and-code-de-duplication/9239

Related: bpo-44403, bpo-44136, bpo-24132

[barneygale]

Withdrawing this request in favour of #125866