Fix #247: Raise error when nonce accessed after response

csp/exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+class CSPNonceError(Exception):
+    pass

csp/middleware.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 from django.utils.functional import SimpleLazyObject
 
 from csp.constants import HEADER, HEADER_REPORT_ONLY
+from csp.exceptions import CSPNonceError
 from csp.utils import DIRECTIVES_T, build_policy
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -48,6 +49,12 @@ def _make_nonce(self, request: HttpRequest) -> str:
         setattr(request, "_csp_nonce", nonce)
         return nonce
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _csp_nonce_post_response() -> None:
+        raise CSPNonceError(
+            "The 'csp_nonce' attribute is not available after the CSP header has been written. Consider adjusting your MIDDLEWARE order."
+        )
+
     def process_request(self, request: HttpRequest) -> None:
         nonce = partial(self._make_nonce, request)
         setattr(request, "csp_nonce", SimpleLazyObject(nonce))
@@ -85,6 +92,11 @@ def process_response(self, request: HttpRequest, response: HttpResponseBase) ->
             if no_header and is_not_exempt and is_not_excluded:
                 response[HEADER_REPORT_ONLY] = csp_ro
 
+        # Once we've written the header, accessing the `request.csp_nonce` will no longer trigger
+        # the nonce to be added to the header. Instead we throw an error here to catch this since
+        # this has security implications.
+        setattr(request, "csp_nonce", SimpleLazyObject(self._csp_nonce_post_response))
+
         return response
 
     def build_policy(self, request: HttpRequest, response: HttpResponseBase) -> str:

csp/tests/test_context_processors.py

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 from django.http import HttpResponse
 from django.test import RequestFactory
 
+import pytest
+
 from csp.context_processors import nonce
+from csp.exceptions import CSPNonceError
 from csp.middleware import CSPMiddleware
 from csp.tests.utils import response
 
@@ -15,9 +18,25 @@ def test_nonce_context_processor() -> None:
     context = nonce(request)
 
     response = HttpResponse()
+    csp_nonce = getattr(request, "csp_nonce")
     mw.process_response(request, response)
 
-    assert context["CSP_NONCE"] == getattr(request, "csp_nonce")
+    assert context["CSP_NONCE"] == csp_nonce
+
+
+def test_nonce_context_processor_after_response() -> None:
+    request = rf.get("/")
+    mw.process_request(request)
+    context = nonce(request)
+
+    response = HttpResponse()
+    csp_nonce = getattr(request, "csp_nonce")
+    mw.process_response(request, response)
+
+    assert context["CSP_NONCE"] == csp_nonce
+
+    with pytest.raises(CSPNonceError):
+        str(getattr(request, "csp_nonce"))
 
 
 def test_nonce_context_processor_with_middleware_disabled() -> None:

csp/tests/test_decorators.py

@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ def view_with_decorator(request: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponseBase:
     response = view_with_decorator(request)
     assert getattr(response, "_csp_update") == {"img-src": ["bar.com", NONCE]}
     mw.process_request(request)
-    assert getattr(request, "csp_nonce")  # Here to trigger the nonce creation.
+    csp_nonce = str(getattr(request, "csp_nonce"))  # This also triggers the nonce creation.
     mw.process_response(request, response)
     assert HEADER_REPORT_ONLY not in response.headers
     policy_list = sorted(response[HEADER].split("; "))
-    assert policy_list == ["default-src 'self'", f"img-src foo.com bar.com 'nonce-{getattr(request, 'csp_nonce')}'"]
+    assert policy_list == ["default-src 'self'", f"img-src foo.com bar.com 'nonce-{csp_nonce}'"]
 
     response = view_without_decorator(request)
     mw.process_response(request, response)
@@ -92,11 +92,11 @@ def view_with_decorator(request: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponseBase:
     response = view_with_decorator(request)
     assert getattr(response, "_csp_update_ro") == {"img-src": ["bar.com", NONCE]}
     mw.process_request(request)
-    assert getattr(request, "csp_nonce")  # Here to trigger the nonce creation.
+    csp_nonce = str(getattr(request, "csp_nonce"))  # This also triggers the nonce creation.
     mw.process_response(request, response)
     assert HEADER not in response.headers
     policy_list = sorted(response[HEADER_REPORT_ONLY].split("; "))
-    assert policy_list == ["default-src 'self'", f"img-src foo.com bar.com 'nonce-{getattr(request, 'csp_nonce')}'"]
+    assert policy_list == ["default-src 'self'", f"img-src foo.com bar.com 'nonce-{csp_nonce}'"]
 
     response = view_without_decorator(request)
     mw.process_response(request, response)

csp/tests/test_middleware.py

@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@
 from django.test import RequestFactory
 from django.test.utils import override_settings
 
+import pytest
+
 from csp.constants import HEADER, HEADER_REPORT_ONLY, SELF
+from csp.exceptions import CSPNonceError
 from csp.middleware import CSPMiddleware
 from csp.tests.utils import response
 
@@ -155,3 +158,12 @@ def test_nonce_regenerated_on_new_request() -> None:
     mw.process_response(request2, response2)
     assert nonce1 not in response2[HEADER]
     assert nonce2 not in response1[HEADER]
+
+
+def test_nonce_attribute_error() -> None:
+    # Test `CSPNonceError` is raised when accessing the nonce after the response has been processed.
+    request = rf.get("/")
+    mw.process_request(request)
+    mw.process_response(request, HttpResponse())
+    with pytest.raises(CSPNonceError):
+        str(getattr(request, "csp_nonce"))

docs/nonce.rst

@@ -42,8 +42,19 @@ above script being allowed.
 
 .. Note::
 
-   The nonce will only be added to the CSP headers if it is used.
+   The nonce will only be included in the CSP header if:
 
+     - ``csp.constants.NONCE`` is present in the ``script-src`` or ``style-src`` directives, **and**
+     - ``request.csp_nonce`` is accessed during the request lifecycle, after the middleware
+       processes the request but before it processes the response.
+
+   If ``request.csp_nonce`` is accessed **after** the response has been processed by the middleware,
+   a ``csp.exceptions.CSPNonceError`` will be raised.
+
+   Middleware that accesses ``request.csp_nonce`` **must be placed after**
+   ``csp.middleware.CSPMiddleware`` in the ``MIDDLEWARE`` setting. This ensures that
+   ``CSPMiddleware`` properly processes the response and includes the nonce in the CSP header before
+   other middleware attempts to use it.
 
 ``Context Processor``
 =====================