[2.x] perf(core): mitigate n+1 on notifications index

[DavideIadeluca]

Fixes #0000

Changes proposed in this pull request:

Reviewers should focus on:
Review this along side #4816. Maybe take inspiration from both PR's and create a new PR yourself with a mixture of both fixes and close ours

Screenshot

Necessity

• Has the problem that is being solved here been clearly explained?
• If applicable, have various options for solving this problem been considered?
• For core PRs, does this need to be in core, or could it be in an extension?
• Are we willing to maintain this for years / potentially forever?

Confirmed

• Frontend changes: tested on a local Flarum installation.
• Backend changes: tests are green (run composer test).
• Core developer confirmed locally this works as intended.
• Tests have been added, or are not appropriate here.

Required changes:

• Related documentation PR: (Remove if irrelevant)