Implement file scheme

[pjbull]

Simple implementation of file: scheme in AnyPath.

Uses implementation from here, but it looks like there is a from_uri method coming to pathlib in 3.13.

Closes #401

[github-actions]

🚀 Deployed on https://deploy-preview-404--gallant-agnesi-5f7bb3.netlify.app

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 2 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (ddc3b94) 94.0% compared to head (3ebacd1) 94.0%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff           @@
##           master    #404   +/-   ##
======================================
  Coverage    94.0%   94.0%           
======================================
  Files          22      23    +1     
  Lines        1619    1637   +18     
======================================
+ Hits         1522    1540   +18     
  Misses         97      97           

Files	Coverage Δ
cloudpathlib/anypath.py	91.3% <100.0%> (+1.3%)	⬆️
cloudpathlib/url_utils.py	83.3% <83.3%> (ø)

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes

[jayqi]

Do we correctly handle percent-encoded colons from a drive on Windows? e.g.,

file://c:/path/to/file.txt vs. file://c%3A/path/to/file.txt

We should at least have a test for it.

See this PR AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenTimelineIO#1664

that also referenced the cpython issue that you took this implementation from. They discuss the issue in that PR and have a Windows test case.

I tried to search around, and I found this which suggests that the percent-encoded version should be considered valid: https://github.com/microsoft/language-server-protocol/pull/1786/files

[pjbull]

Updated, thanks @jayqi!