32-bit NVIDIA Driver only seems to load if /usr is unlocked

[b2jammer]

Describe the bug

I've been trying to run Batman: Arkham City GOTY on Steam in Fedora Kinoite 44, but DXVK only detects my NVIDIA GPU if I unlock /usr using rpm-ostree apply-live --reset or rpm-ostree usroverlay

Reproduction steps

1. Run the following commands to install the versioned RPMFusion repos:

sudo rpm-ostree install https://mirrors.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm https://mirrors.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
sudo reboot

2. Run these command to install Steam and the NVIDIA drivers:

sudo rpm-ostree install akmod-nvidia xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-cuda steam steam-devices
sudo rpm-ostree kargs --append=rd.driver.blacklist=nouveau,nova_core --append=modprobe.blacklist=nouveau,nova_core
sudo reboot

3. Login to Steam and install Batman: Arkham City GOTY.
4. Set the Launch Options to the following:
   DXVK_HUD=1 %command%
5. Press "Play." The HUD will show "Driver: llvmpipe"
6. Exit the game and run either sudo rpm-ostree apply-live --reset or sudo rpm-ostree usroverlay
7. Run the game again. The HUD will show "Driver: NVIDIA"

Expected behavior

DXVK should detect the NVIDIA GPU regardless of whether /usr is unlocked or not.

Actual behavior

DXVK only detects the NVIDIA GPU after /usr is unlocked.

System details

rpm-ostree:
 Version: '2026.1'
 Git: f00b0727286758963721e0e523223fdc6ece3552
 Features:
  - rust
  - compose
  - container
  - fedora-integration

State: idle
BootedDeployment:
● fedora:fedora/44/x86_64/kinoite
                  Version: 44.20260613.0 (2026-06-13T00:44:47Z)
               BaseCommit: d20c893517e19ae64c5d2345963dbce3e97088e4c1bc6a0cc8158c71d3884f21
             GPGSignature: Valid signature by 36F612DCF27F7D1A48A835E4DBFCF71C6D9F90A6
          LayeredPackages: akmod-nvidia akmod-v4l2loopback cockpit cockpit-machines distrobox fastfetch fluid-soundfont-gs git libva-utils
                           libvirt-daemon libvirt-daemon-qemu podman-compose rpmfusion-free-release rpmfusion-nonfree-release steam
                           steam-devices syncthing tailscale tmux vdpauinfo vim virt-manager xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-cuda

Additional information

I've previously reported this issue:

• On the DXVK GitHub Repo (Batman: Arkham City GOTY can't find 32-bit driver, falls back to llvmpipe doitsujin/dxvk#5698), and
• On the RPMFusion Bugzilla (https://bugzilla.rpmfusion.org/show_bug.cgi?id=7487),

who have in turn sent me here.

This also happens with akmod-nvidia-580xx and akmod-nvidia-open along with their corresponding xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-* packages.