Directives improvements

Here is spec language mirroring the changes in graphql/graphql-js#31.

Changed:

* Directive grammar changed to `@ Name Arguments?`
* "Field Arguments" changed to "Arguments" almost everywhere to be more generic.
* Argument validation rules made more generic to handle directives cases.
* Directive validation simplified.
* Directive explaination in Language now matches current state.
* @include and @Skip documented in Type System

Author: leebyron

Section 2 -- Language.md

@@ -86,11 +86,12 @@ query getZuck {
 }
 ```
 
-## Field Arguments
+## Arguments
 
-Fields may take arguments. These often map directly to function arguments
-within the GraphQL server implementation. We already saw arguments used
-in the global field above.
+Fields and directives may take arguments.
+
+These often map directly to function arguments within the GraphQL server
+implementation. We already saw arguments used in the global field above.
 
 In this example, we want to query a user's profile picture of a
 specific size:
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ Many arguments can exist for a given field:
 
 **Arguments are unordered**
 
-Field arguments may be provided in any syntactic order and maintain identical
+Arguments may be provided in any syntactic order and maintain identical
 semantic meaning.
 
 These two queries are semantically identical:
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ the field's name otherwise.
 
 ## Input Values
 
-Both field arguments and directives accept input values. Input values can be
+Field and directive arguments accept input values. Input values can be
 specified as a variable or represented inline as literals.  Input values can
 be scalars, enumerations, or input objects. List and inputs objects may also
 contain variables.
@@ -270,26 +271,6 @@ could run this query and request profilePic of size 60 with:
 }
 ```
 
-## Directives
-
-In some cases, you need to provide options to alter GraphQL's execution
-behavior in ways field arguments will not suffice, such as conditionally
-skipping a field. Directives provide this with a `@name` and can be
-specified to be used without an argument or with a value argument.
-
-Directives can be used to conditionally include fields in a query based
-on a provided boolean value. In this contrived example experimentalField
-will be queried and controlField will not.
-
-```graphql
-query myQuery($someTest: Boolean) {
-  experimentalField @if: $someTest,
-  controlField @unless: $someTest
-}
-```
-
-As future versions of GraphQL adopts new configurable execution capabilities,
-they may be exposed via directives.
 
 ## Fragments
 
@@ -446,3 +427,59 @@ query InlineFragmentTyping {
 }
 ```
 
+
+## Directives
+
+In some cases, you need to provide options to alter GraphQL's execution
+behavior in ways field arguments will not suffice, such as conditionally
+including or skipping a field. Directives provide this by describing additional information to the executor.
+
+Directives have a name along with a list of arguments which may accept values
+of any input type.
+
+Directives can be used to describe additional information for fields, fragments,
+and operations.
+
+As future versions of GraphQL adopts new configurable execution capabilities,
+they may be exposed via directives.
+
+### Fragment Directives
+
+Fragments may include directives to alter their behavior. At runtime, the directives provided on a fragment spread override those described on the
+definition.
+
+For example, the following query:
+
+```graphql
+query HasConditionalFragment($condition: Boolean) {
+  ...MaybeFragment @include(if: $condition)
+}
+
+fragment MaybeFragment on Query {
+  me {
+    name
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Will have identical runtime behavior as
+
+```graphql
+query HasConditionalFragment($condition: Boolean) {
+  ...MaybeFragment
+}
+
+fragment MaybeFragment on Query @include(if: $condition) {
+  me {
+    name
+  }
+}
+```
+
+FragmentSpreadDirectives(fragmentSpread) :
+  * Let {directives} be the set of directives on {fragmentSpread}
+  * Let {fragmentDefinition} be the FragmentDefinition in the document named {fragmentSpread} refers to.
+  * For each {directive} in directives on {fragmentDefinition}
+    * If {directives} does not contain a directive named {directive}.
+    * Add {directive} into {directives}
+  * Return {directives}

Section 3 -- Type System.md

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Scalar type.
 
 **Input Coercion**
 
-If a GraphQL server expects a scalar type as input to a field argument, coercion
+If a GraphQL server expects a scalar type as input to an argument, coercion
 is observable and the rules must be well defined. If an input value does not
 match a coercion rule, a query error must be raised.
 
@@ -354,9 +354,9 @@ Objects are never valid inputs.
 #### Object Field Arguments
 
 Object fields are conceptually functions which yield values. Occasionally object
-fields can accept arguments to further specify the return value. Field arguments
-are defined as a list of all possible argument names and their expected input
-types.
+fields can accept arguments to further specify the return value. Object field
+arguments are defined as a list of all possible argument names and their
+expected input types.
 
 For example, a `Person` type with a `picture` field could accept an argument to
 determine what size of an image to return.
@@ -389,9 +389,7 @@ May yield the result:
 }
 ```
 
-The type of a field argument can be a Scalar, as it was in this example, or an
-Enum. It can also be an Input Object, covered later in this document, or it can
-be any wrapping type whose underlying base type is one of those three.
+The type of an object field argument can be any Input type.
 
 #### Object Field deprecation
 
@@ -723,14 +721,42 @@ case), the client can just pass that value rather than constructing the list.
 
 ## Directives
 
-A GraphQL schema includes a list of supported directives, each of which has
-a name. Directives can apply to operations, fragments, or fields; each directive
-indicates which of those it applies to.
+A GraphQL schema includes a list of the directives the execution
+engine supports.
+
+GraphQL implementations should provide the `@skip` and `@include` directives.
+
+### @skip
+
+The `@skip` directive may be provided for fields or fragments, and allows
+for conditional exclusion during execution as described by the if argument.
+
+In this example `experimentalField` will be queried only if the `$someTest` is
+provided a `false` value.
+
+```graphql
+query myQuery($someTest: Boolean) {
+  experimentalField @skip(if: $someTest)
+}
+```
+
+### @include
+
+The `@include` directive may be provided for fields or fragments, and allows
+for conditional inclusion during execution as described by the if argument.
+
+In this example `experimentalField` will be queried only if the `$someTest` is
+provided a `true` value.
+
+```graphql
+query myQuery($someTest: Boolean) {
+  experimentalField @include(if: $someTest)
+}
+```
+
+The `@skip` directive has precidence over the `@include` directive should both
+be provided in the same context.
 
-Directives can optionally take an argument. The type of the argument to
-a directive has the same restrictions as the type of an argument to a field. It
-can be a Scalar, an Enum, an Input Object, or any wrapping type whose underlying
-base type is one of those three.
 
 ## Starting types
 

Section 4 -- Introspection.md

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ enum __TypeKind {
 type __Directive {
   name: String!
   description: String
-  type: __Type
+  args: [__InputValue!]!
   onOperation: Boolean!
   onFragment: Boolean!
   onField: Boolean!