diff --git a/kernelguard.py b/kernelguard.py
index f086847..cef089b 100644
--- a/kernelguard.py
+++ b/kernelguard.py
@@ -524,6 +524,109 @@ def _expr_has_tensor_version(expr: ast.AST | None) -> bool:
     )
 
 
+def _function_param_names(fn: ast.FunctionDef | ast.AsyncFunctionDef) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    names = [arg.arg for arg in fn.args.posonlyargs]
+    names.extend(arg.arg for arg in fn.args.args)
+    names.extend(arg.arg for arg in fn.args.kwonlyargs)
+    if fn.args.vararg is not None:
+        names.append(fn.args.vararg.arg)
+    if fn.args.kwarg is not None:
+        names.append(fn.args.kwarg.arg)
+    return tuple(names)
+
+
+def _depends_on_names(expr: ast.AST | None, names: set[str]) -> bool:
+    if expr is None or not names:
+        return False
+    return bool(_expr_names(expr) & names)
+
+
+def _state_read_root(expr: ast.AST | None, state_names: set[str], aliases: dict[str, str]) -> Optional[str]:
+    if expr is None:
+        return None
+    if isinstance(expr, ast.Name):
+        if expr.id in state_names:
+            return expr.id
+        return aliases.get(expr.id)
+    if isinstance(expr, (ast.Subscript, ast.Attribute)):
+        root = _ast_root_name(expr)
+        if root in state_names:
+            return root
+    if (
+        isinstance(expr, ast.Call)
+        and isinstance(expr.func, ast.Attribute)
+        and expr.func.attr == "get"
+    ):
+        root = _ast_root_name(expr.func.value)
+        if root in state_names:
+            return root
+    return None
+
+
+def _has_state_shortcut_replay(
+    fn: ast.FunctionDef | ast.AsyncFunctionDef,
+    state_names: set[str],
+    input_names: set[str],
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    input_derived = set(input_names)
+    aliases: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+    changed = True
+    while changed:
+        changed = False
+        for child in ast.walk(fn):
+            if not isinstance(child, ast.Assign):
+                continue
+            if len(child.targets) != 1 or not isinstance(child.targets[0], ast.Name):
+                continue
+            target_name = child.targets[0].id
+            if _depends_on_names(child.value, input_derived) and target_name not in input_derived:
+                input_derived.add(target_name)
+                changed = True
+            state_root = _state_read_root(child.value, state_names, aliases)
+            if state_root is not None and aliases.get(target_name) != state_root:
+                aliases[target_name] = state_root
+                changed = True
+
+    state_from_input: set[str] = set()
+    for child in ast.walk(fn):
+        if isinstance(child, ast.Assign):
+            for target in child.targets:
+                root = _ast_root_name(target)
+                if root in state_names and _depends_on_names(child.value, input_derived):
+                    state_from_input.add(root)
+        elif isinstance(child, ast.Call) and isinstance(child.func, ast.Attribute):
+            root = _ast_root_name(child.func.value)
+            if root not in state_names or child.func.attr not in {"append", "extend", "set", "update"}:
+                continue
+            if any(_depends_on_names(arg, input_derived) for arg in child.args):
+                state_from_input.add(root)
+
+    if not state_from_input:
+        return None
+
+    for child in ast.walk(fn):
+        if not isinstance(child, ast.If):
+            continue
+        if _body_has_calls(child.body):
+            continue
+        if _expr_names(child.test) & input_names:
+            continue
+        test_names = _expr_names(child.test)
+        for stmt in child.body:
+            if not isinstance(stmt, ast.Return) or stmt.value is None:
+                continue
+            state_root = _state_read_root(stmt.value, state_names, aliases)
+            if state_root not in state_from_input:
+                continue
+            if state_root in test_names or any(
+                alias in test_names and alias_root == state_root
+                for alias, alias_root in aliases.items()
+            ):
+                return state_root
+    return None
+
+
 _TRIVIAL_GPU_OPS = frozenset({
     "fill_", "zero_", "copy_", "fill", "zero", "record",
 })
@@ -2462,6 +2565,77 @@ def _has_ver(expr: ast.AST | None) -> bool:
     return []
 
 
+def detect_partial_bound_state_replay(code: str | SubmissionFacts) -> list[dict]:
+    """Pattern: functools.partial binds mutable state used for replay."""
+    facts = ensure_submission_facts(code)
+    tree = facts.ast_tree
+    if tree is None or not isinstance(tree, ast.Module):
+        return []
+
+    module_aliases = {"functools"}
+    direct_aliases: set[str] = set()
+    for node in facts._imports:
+        for alias in node.names:
+            if alias.name == "functools":
+                module_aliases.add(alias.asname or alias.name)
+    for node in facts._import_froms:
+        if node.module != "functools":
+            continue
+        for alias in node.names:
+            if alias.name == "partial":
+                direct_aliases.add(alias.asname or alias.name)
+
+    functions = {
+        node.name: node
+        for node in tree.body
+        if isinstance(node, (ast.FunctionDef, ast.AsyncFunctionDef))
+    }
+
+    for stmt in tree.body:
+        if not isinstance(stmt, ast.Assign):
+            continue
+        if not any(isinstance(target, ast.Name) and target.id == "custom_kernel" for target in stmt.targets):
+            continue
+        if not isinstance(stmt.value, ast.Call) or not stmt.value.args:
+            continue
+        call = stmt.value
+        is_partial = False
+        if isinstance(call.func, ast.Name) and call.func.id in direct_aliases:
+            is_partial = True
+        elif (
+            isinstance(call.func, ast.Attribute)
+            and call.func.attr == "partial"
+            and isinstance(call.func.value, ast.Name)
+            and call.func.value.id in module_aliases
+        ):
+            is_partial = True
+        if not is_partial:
+            continue
+        if not isinstance(call.args[0], ast.Name) or call.args[0].id not in functions:
+            continue
+
+        helper = functions[call.args[0].id]
+        params = _function_param_names(helper)
+        bound_count = len(call.args) - 1
+        if bound_count <= 0 or bound_count >= len(params):
+            continue
+        state_names = set(params[:bound_count])
+        input_names = set(params[bound_count:])
+        state_root = _has_state_shortcut_replay(helper, state_names, input_names)
+        if state_root is None:
+            continue
+        return [{
+            "pattern": "PARTIAL_BOUND_STATE_REPLAY",
+            "severity": "critical",
+            "evidence": (
+                f"custom_kernel binds replay state {state_root} through functools.partial "
+                f"and returns it from {helper.name} on an input-independent fast path"
+            ),
+        }]
+
+    return []
+
+
 RE_OBJECT_ID_DATA = re.compile(r"\bdata_id\s*=\s*id\s*\(\s*data\s*\)")
 RE_RESULT_BANK_SET = re.compile(r"_superbatch_results\s*\[\s*(?:did|data_id)\s*\]\s*=")
 RE_RESULT_BANK_RETURN = re.compile(r"return\s+_superbatch_results\s*\[\s*data_id\s*\]")
@@ -3479,6 +3653,10 @@ class RulePolicy:
         "LAST_CALL_REPLAY", "result_reuse", "hard", AUTO_FILTER, (),
         AMD_MANUAL_LAST_CALL_REPLAY_FIXTURES, "keep",
     ),
+    "PARTIAL_BOUND_STATE_REPLAY": RulePolicy(
+        "PARTIAL_BOUND_STATE_REPLAY", "result_reuse", "hard", AUTO_FILTER, (),
+        (), "keep",
+    ),
     "SHAPE_OUTPUT_REPLAY": RulePolicy(
         "SHAPE_OUTPUT_REPLAY", "result_reuse", "hard", AUTO_FILTER, (),
         AMD_PACKAGE_SHAPE_REPLAY_FIXTURES, "keep",
@@ -3762,6 +3940,7 @@ def support_only_patterns(matched_patterns: list[dict]) -> bool:
     detect_decode_mm_ref,
     detect_result_caching,
     detect_last_call_replay,
+    detect_partial_bound_state_replay,
     detect_shape_output_replay,
     detect_timed_input_replay,
     detect_cuda_graph_replay,
@@ -3800,6 +3979,7 @@ def support_only_patterns(matched_patterns: list[dict]) -> bool:
     ("decode_mm_ref", detect_decode_mm_ref),
     ("result_caching", detect_result_caching),
     ("last_call_replay", detect_last_call_replay),
+    ("partial_bound_state_replay", detect_partial_bound_state_replay),
     ("shape_output_replay", detect_shape_output_replay),
     ("timed_input_replay", detect_timed_input_replay),
     ("cuda_graph_replay", detect_cuda_graph_replay),