backward

# Links and zones for backward compatibility

# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.

# This file provides links from old or merged timezone names to current ones.
# It also provides a few zone entries for old naming conventions.
# Many names changed in 1993 and in 1995, and many merged names moved here
# in the period from 2013 through 2022.  Several of these names are
# also present in the file 'backzone', which has data important only
# for pre-1970 timestamps and so is out of scope for tzdb proper.

# Although this file is optional and tzdb will work if you omit it by
# building with 'make BACKWARD=', in practice downstream users
# typically use this file for backward compatibility.

# This file is divided into sections, one for each major reason for a
# backward compatibility link or zone.  Each section of links is
# sorted by name.

# A "#= TARGET1" comment labels each link inserted only because some
# .zi parsers (including tzcode through 2022e) mishandle links to links.
# The comment says what the target would be if these parsers were fixed
# so that data could contain links to links.  For example, the line
# "Link Australia/Sydney Australia/ACT #= Australia/Canberra" would be
# "Link Australia/Canberra Australia/ACT" were it not that data lines
# refrain from linking to links like Australia/Canberra, which means
# the Australia/ACT line links instead to Australia/Sydney,
# Australia/Canberra's target.


# Pre-1993 naming conventions

# Link	TARGET			LINK-NAME	#= TARGET1
Link	Australia/Sydney	Australia/ACT	#= Australia/Canberra
Link	Australia/Lord_Howe	Australia/LHI
Link	Australia/Sydney	Australia/NSW
Link	Australia/Darwin	Australia/North
Link	Australia/Brisbane	Australia/Queensland
Link	Australia/Adelaide	Australia/South
Link	Australia/Hobart	Australia/Tasmania
Link	Australia/Melbourne	Australia/Victoria
Link	Australia/Perth		Australia/West
Link	Australia/Broken_Hill	Australia/Yancowinna
Link	America/Rio_Branco	Brazil/Acre	#= America/Porto_Acre
Link	America/Noronha		Brazil/DeNoronha
Link	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil/East
Link	America/Manaus		Brazil/West
Link	Europe/Brussels		CET
Link	America/Halifax		Canada/Atlantic
Link	America/Winnipeg	Canada/Central
# This line is commented out, as the name exceeded the 14-character limit
# and was an unused misnomer.
#Link	America/Regina		Canada/East-Saskatchewan
Link	America/Toronto		Canada/Eastern
Link	America/Edmonton	Canada/Mountain
Link	America/St_Johns	Canada/Newfoundland
Link	America/Vancouver	Canada/Pacific
Link	America/Regina		Canada/Saskatchewan
Link	America/Whitehorse	Canada/Yukon
Link	America/Santiago	Chile/Continental
Link	Pacific/Easter		Chile/EasterIsland
Link	America/Havana		Cuba
Link	Europe/Athens		EET
Link	America/Panama		EST
Link	Africa/Cairo		Egypt
Link	Europe/Dublin		Eire
# Vanguard section, for most .zi parsers.
#Link	GMT			Etc/GMT
#Link	GMT			Etc/GMT+0
#Link	GMT			Etc/GMT-0
#Link	GMT			Etc/GMT0
#Link	GMT			Etc/Greenwich
# Rearguard section, for TZUpdater 2.3.2 and earlier.
Link	Etc/GMT			Etc/GMT+0
Link	Etc/GMT			Etc/GMT-0
Link	Etc/GMT			Etc/GMT0
Link	Etc/GMT			Etc/Greenwich
# End of rearguard section.
Link	Etc/UTC			Etc/UCT
Link	Etc/UTC			Etc/Universal
Link	Etc/UTC			Etc/Zulu
Link	Europe/London		GB
Link	Europe/London		GB-Eire
# Vanguard section, for most .zi parsers.
#Link	GMT			GMT+0
#Link	GMT			GMT-0
#Link	GMT			GMT0
#Link	GMT			Greenwich
# Rearguard section, for TZUpdater 2.3.2 and earlier.
Link	Etc/GMT			GMT+0
Link	Etc/GMT			GMT-0
Link	Etc/GMT			GMT0
Link	Etc/GMT			Greenwich
# End of rearguard section.
Link	Asia/Hong_Kong		Hongkong
Link	Africa/Abidjan		Iceland	#= Atlantic/Reykjavik
Link	Asia/Tehran		Iran
Link	Asia/Jerusalem		Israel
Link	America/Jamaica		Jamaica
Link	Asia/Tokyo		Japan
Link	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
Link	Africa/Tripoli		Libya
Link	Europe/Brussels		MET
Link	America/Phoenix		MST
Link	America/Tijuana		Mexico/BajaNorte
Link	America/Mazatlan	Mexico/BajaSur
Link	America/Mexico_City	Mexico/General
Link	Pacific/Auckland	NZ
Link	Pacific/Chatham		NZ-CHAT
Link	America/Denver		Navajo	#= America/Shiprock
Link	Asia/Shanghai		PRC
Link	Europe/Warsaw		Poland
Link	Europe/Lisbon		Portugal
Link	Asia/Taipei		ROC
Link	Asia/Seoul		ROK
Link	Asia/Singapore		Singapore
Link	Europe/Istanbul		Turkey
Link	Etc/UTC			UCT
Link	America/Anchorage	US/Alaska
Link	America/Adak		US/Aleutian
Link	America/Phoenix		US/Arizona
Link	America/Chicago		US/Central
Link	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	US/East-Indiana
Link	America/New_York	US/Eastern
Link	Pacific/Honolulu	US/Hawaii
Link	America/Indiana/Knox	US/Indiana-Starke
Link	America/Detroit		US/Michigan
Link	America/Denver		US/Mountain
Link	America/Los_Angeles	US/Pacific
Link	Pacific/Pago_Pago	US/Samoa
Link	Etc/UTC			UTC
Link	Etc/UTC			Universal
Link	Europe/Moscow		W-SU
Link	Etc/UTC			Zulu


# Two-part names that were renamed mostly to three-part names in 1995

# Link	TARGET				LINK-NAME	#= TARGET1
Link	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	America/Buenos_Aires
Link	America/Argentina/Catamarca	America/Catamarca
Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Cordoba
Link	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	America/Indianapolis
Link	America/Argentina/Jujuy		America/Jujuy
Link	America/Indiana/Knox		America/Knox_IN
Link	America/Kentucky/Louisville	America/Louisville
Link	America/Argentina/Mendoza	America/Mendoza
Link	America/Puerto_Rico		America/Virgin	#= America/St_Thomas
Link	Pacific/Pago_Pago		Pacific/Samoa


# Pre-2013 practice, which typically had a Zone per zone.tab line

# Link	TARGET			LINK-NAME
Link	Africa/Abidjan		Africa/Accra
Link	Africa/Nairobi		Africa/Addis_Ababa
Link	Africa/Nairobi		Africa/Asmara
Link	Africa/Abidjan		Africa/Bamako
Link	Africa/Lagos		Africa/Bangui
Link	Africa/Abidjan		Africa/Banjul
Link	Africa/Maputo		Africa/Blantyre
Link	Africa/Lagos		Africa/Brazzaville
Link	Africa/Maputo		Africa/Bujumbura
Link	Africa/Abidjan		Africa/Conakry
Link	Africa/Abidjan		Africa/Dakar
Link	Africa/Nairobi		Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
Link	Africa/Nairobi		Africa/Djibouti
Link	Africa/Lagos		Africa/Douala
Link	Africa/Abidjan		Africa/Freetown
Link	Africa/Maputo		Africa/Gaborone
Link	Africa/Maputo		Africa/Harare
Link	Africa/Nairobi		Africa/Kampala
Link	Africa/Maputo		Africa/Kigali
Link	Africa/Lagos		Africa/Kinshasa
Link	Africa/Lagos		Africa/Libreville
Link	Africa/Abidjan		Africa/Lome
Link	Africa/Lagos		Africa/Luanda
Link	Africa/Maputo		Africa/Lubumbashi
Link	Africa/Maputo		Africa/Lusaka
Link	Africa/Lagos		Africa/Malabo
Link	Africa/Johannesburg	Africa/Maseru
Link	Africa/Johannesburg	Africa/Mbabane
Link	Africa/Nairobi		Africa/Mogadishu
Link	Africa/Lagos		Africa/Niamey
Link	Africa/Abidjan		Africa/Nouakchott
Link	Africa/Abidjan		Africa/Ouagadougou
Link	Africa/Lagos		Africa/Porto-Novo
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/Anguilla
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/Antigua
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/Aruba
Link	America/Panama		America/Atikokan
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/Blanc-Sablon
Link	America/Panama		America/Cayman
Link	America/Phoenix		America/Creston
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/Curacao
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/Dominica
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/Grenada
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/Guadeloupe
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/Kralendijk
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/Lower_Princes
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/Marigot
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/Montserrat
Link	America/Toronto		America/Nassau
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/Port_of_Spain
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/St_Barthelemy
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/St_Kitts
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/St_Lucia
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/St_Thomas
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/St_Vincent
Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/Tortola
Link	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Antarctica/DumontDUrville
Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/McMurdo
Link	Asia/Riyadh		Antarctica/Syowa
Link	Europe/Berlin		Arctic/Longyearbyen
Link	Asia/Riyadh		Asia/Aden
Link	Asia/Qatar		Asia/Bahrain
Link	Asia/Kuching		Asia/Brunei
Link	Asia/Singapore		Asia/Kuala_Lumpur
Link	Asia/Riyadh		Asia/Kuwait
Link	Asia/Dubai		Asia/Muscat
Link	Asia/Bangkok		Asia/Phnom_Penh
Link	Asia/Bangkok		Asia/Vientiane
Link	Africa/Abidjan		Atlantic/Reykjavik
Link	Africa/Abidjan		Atlantic/St_Helena
Link	Europe/Brussels		Europe/Amsterdam
Link	Europe/Prague		Europe/Bratislava
Link	Europe/Zurich		Europe/Busingen
Link	Europe/Berlin		Europe/Copenhagen
Link	Europe/London		Europe/Guernsey
Link	Europe/London		Europe/Isle_of_Man
Link	Europe/London		Europe/Jersey
Link	Europe/Belgrade		Europe/Ljubljana
Link	Europe/Brussels		Europe/Luxembourg
Link	Europe/Helsinki		Europe/Mariehamn
Link	Europe/Paris		Europe/Monaco
Link	Europe/Berlin		Europe/Oslo
Link	Europe/Belgrade		Europe/Podgorica
Link	Europe/Rome		Europe/San_Marino
Link	Europe/Belgrade		Europe/Sarajevo
Link	Europe/Belgrade		Europe/Skopje
Link	Europe/Berlin		Europe/Stockholm
Link	Europe/Zurich		Europe/Vaduz
Link	Europe/Rome		Europe/Vatican
Link	Europe/Belgrade		Europe/Zagreb
Link	Africa/Nairobi		Indian/Antananarivo
Link	Asia/Bangkok		Indian/Christmas
Link	Asia/Yangon		Indian/Cocos
Link	Africa/Nairobi		Indian/Comoro
Link	Indian/Maldives		Indian/Kerguelen
Link	Asia/Dubai		Indian/Mahe
Link	Africa/Nairobi		Indian/Mayotte
Link	Asia/Dubai		Indian/Reunion
Link	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Pacific/Chuuk
Link	Pacific/Tarawa		Pacific/Funafuti
Link	Pacific/Tarawa		Pacific/Majuro
Link	Pacific/Pago_Pago	Pacific/Midway
Link	Pacific/Guadalcanal	Pacific/Pohnpei
Link	Pacific/Guam		Pacific/Saipan
Link	Pacific/Tarawa		Pacific/Wake
Link	Pacific/Tarawa		Pacific/Wallis


# Non-zone.tab locations with timestamps since 1970 that duplicate
# those of an existing location

# Link	TARGET			LINK-NAME
Link	Africa/Abidjan		Africa/Timbuktu
Link	America/Argentina/Catamarca	America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia
Link	America/Adak		America/Atka
Link	America/Panama		America/Coral_Harbour
Link	America/Tijuana		America/Ensenada
Link	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	America/Fort_Wayne
Link	America/Toronto		America/Montreal
Link	America/Toronto		America/Nipigon
Link	America/Iqaluit		America/Pangnirtung
Link	America/Rio_Branco	America/Porto_Acre
Link	America/Winnipeg	America/Rainy_River
Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Rosario
Link	America/Tijuana		America/Santa_Isabel
Link	America/Denver		America/Shiprock
Link	America/Toronto		America/Thunder_Bay
Link	America/Edmonton	America/Yellowknife
Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/South_Pole
Link	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Asia/Choibalsan
Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Chongqing
Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Harbin
Link	Asia/Urumqi		Asia/Kashgar
Link	Asia/Jerusalem		Asia/Tel_Aviv
Link	Europe/Berlin		Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
Link	Australia/Sydney	Australia/Canberra
Link	Australia/Hobart	Australia/Currie
Link	Europe/London		Europe/Belfast
Link	Europe/Chisinau		Europe/Tiraspol
Link	Europe/Kyiv		Europe/Uzhgorod
Link	Europe/Kyiv		Europe/Zaporozhye
Link	Pacific/Kanton		Pacific/Enderbury
Link	Pacific/Honolulu	Pacific/Johnston
Link	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Pacific/Yap
Link	Europe/Lisbon		WET


# Alternate names for the same location

# Link	TARGET			LINK-NAME	#= TARGET1
Link	Africa/Nairobi		Africa/Asmera	#= Africa/Asmara
Link	America/Nuuk		America/Godthab
Link	Asia/Ashgabat		Asia/Ashkhabad
Link	Asia/Kolkata		Asia/Calcutta
Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Chungking	#= Asia/Chongqing
Link	Asia/Dhaka		Asia/Dacca
# Istanbul is in both continents.
Link	Europe/Istanbul		Asia/Istanbul
Link	Asia/Kathmandu		Asia/Katmandu
Link	Asia/Macau		Asia/Macao
Link	Asia/Yangon		Asia/Rangoon
Link	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	Asia/Saigon
Link	Asia/Thimphu		Asia/Thimbu
Link	Asia/Makassar		Asia/Ujung_Pandang
Link	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Asia/Ulan_Bator
Link	Atlantic/Faroe		Atlantic/Faeroe
Link	Europe/Kyiv		Europe/Kiev
# Classically, Cyprus is in Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
Link	Asia/Nicosia		Europe/Nicosia
Link	Pacific/Honolulu	HST
Link	Pacific/Guadalcanal	Pacific/Ponape	#= Pacific/Pohnpei
Link	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Pacific/Truk	#= Pacific/Chuuk


# The backward-compatibility zones PST8PDT, MST7MDT, CST6CDT, and EST5EDT

# Near-copy of US rules in the northamerica file,
# so that this file can be compiled separately.
# To conform to POSIX, this copy uses D instead of W for War and P for Peace.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	USback	1918	1919	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	USback	1918	1919	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	USback	1942	only	-	Feb	9	2:00	1:00	D # War
Rule	USback	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	D # Peace
Rule	USback	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
Rule	USback	1967	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	USback	1967	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	USback	1974	only	-	Jan	6	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	USback	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	USback	1976	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	USback	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	USback	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	USback	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S

# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-19):
# We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
# obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
# We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
# this time zone package.
# We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
# a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2026-07-24):
# These zones are for backward compatibility with Unix System V (1983).
# They are ahistorical, in that they pretend standard time extends
# backward indefinitely into the past.
# They use USback (not US) rules so that they conform to POSIX instead
# of using abbreviations like EWT for Eastern War Time during World War II.
# The zones are here, not in the northamerica file, to lessen
# confusion downstream by making it clear that the zones are present
# only for backward compatibility.
# New software should use settings like TZ='America/New_York' instead
# of these backwards-compatibility zones.
#
# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	USback	P%sT
Zone	MST7MDT		 -7:00	USback	M%sT
Zone	CST6CDT		 -6:00	USback	C%sT
Zone	EST5EDT		 -5:00	USback	E%sT