Extend glossary (#463)

Co-authored-by: Sergei Predvoditelev <sergei@predvoditelev.ru>

Author: samdark

src/guide/glossary.md

@@ -1,45 +1,140 @@
 # A
 
+## action
+
+Action is a callable, class, or class method that handles a matched route and returns a response.
+Read more in ["Actions"](structure/action.md).
+
 ## alias
 
 Alias is a string used by Yii to refer to the class or directory such as `@app/vendor`.
 Read more in ["Aliases"](concept/aliases.md).
 
+## application
+
+Application is an object that starts up, handles a request through configured middleware, and shuts down.
+Read more in ["Application"](structure/application.md).
+
 ## asset
 
 Asset refers to a resource file. Typically, it contains JavaScript or CSS code but can be any static content accessed via HTTP.
 Read more in ["Assets"](views/asset.md).
 
+## asset bundle
+
+Asset bundle is a PHP class that declares a group of CSS, JavaScript, image, or font files that should be published
+and registered together.
+Read more in ["Asset Bundles"](views/asset.md#asset-bundles).
+
+## authentication
+
+Authentication is the process of determining the identity of the current user.
+Read more in ["Authentication"](security/authentication.md).
+
+## authorization
+
+Authorization is the process of checking whether an authenticated or anonymous user is allowed to perform an action.
+Read more in ["Authorization"](security/authorization.md).
+
+## autoloading
+
+Autoloading is the process of loading PHP classes automatically when they are first used.
+Read more in ["Class autoloading"](concept/autoloading.md).
+
+# B
+
+## bootstrap
+
+Bootstrap is application startup code that prepares services, configuration, and runtime state before request handling.
+Read more in ["Configuration"](concept/configuration.md).
+
 # C
 
 ## configuration
 
-The Configuration may refer either to the process of setting properties of an object or to a configuration file that stores
-settings for an object, or a class of objects. 
+Configuration may refer either to the process of setting properties of an object or to a configuration file that stores
+settings for an object, or a class of objects.
 Read more in ["Configuration"](concept/configuration.md).
 
+## container
+
+Container is an object that creates services, resolves their dependencies, and returns configured instances.
+Read more in ["DI container"](concept/di-container.md#di-container).
+
+## controller
+
+Controller is a class that groups action methods for related routes.
+Read more in ["Actions"](structure/action.md).
+
+## cookie
+
+Cookie is a small piece of data stored by a browser and sent with later requests to the same site.
+Read more in ["Cookies"](runtime/cookies.md).
+
+## CSRF
+
+CSRF means cross-site request forgery, an attack where another site tries to make a user's browser submit an unwanted
+request to your application.
+Read more in ["Avoiding CSRF"](security/best-practices.md#avoiding-csrf).
+
 # D
 
 ## DI
 
-Dependency Injection is a programming technique where an object injects a dependent object.
+Dependency injection is a programming technique where an object receives its dependencies from the outside.
 Read more in ["Dependency injection and container"](concept/di-container.md).
 
+# E
+
+## entry script
+
+Entry script is the first PHP script executed for a web or console application.
+Read more in ["Entry scripts"](structure/entry-script.md).
+
+## event
+
+Event is an object that represents something that happened and can be passed to listeners.
+Read more in ["Events"](concept/events.md).
+
+# H
+
+## handler
+
+Handler is callable code selected by routing or middleware to process a request and produce a response.
+Read more in ["Routing and URL generation"](runtime/routing.md).
+
 # I
 
 ## installation
 
 Installation is a process of preparing something to work either by following a readme file or by executing a specially
 prepared script. In the case of Yii, it's setting permissions and fulfilling software requirements.
 
+# L
+
+## layout
+
+Layout is a view template that wraps page-specific content with shared page structure.
+Read more in ["Working with layouts"](views/view.md#working-with-layouts).
+
 # M
 
+## migration
+
+Migration is a versioned PHP class that applies or reverts a database schema or data change.
+Read more in ["Migrations"](databases/db-migrations.md).
+
 ## middleware
 
 Middleware is a processor in the request processing stack. Given a request, it may either produce a response or do some
-action and pass processing to the next middleware. 
+action and pass processing to the next middleware.
 Read more in ["Middleware"](structure/middleware.md).
 
+## model
+
+Model is an object that represents application data and usually contains validation or business rules for that data.
+Read more in ["Working with forms"](start/forms.md).
+
 ## module
 
 The module is a namespace that groups some code based on a use-case. It's typically used within the main application
@@ -57,26 +152,84 @@ multiple classes under a certain name.
 ## package
 
 A package usually refers to [Composer package](https://getcomposer.org/doc/). It's code ready for reuse and
-redistribution installable automatically via package manager.
+redistribution installable automatically via a package manager.
+
+## parameter
+
+Parameter is a configuration value that can be used by application or package config files.
+Read more in ["Parameters"](concept/configuration.md#parameters).
+
+# Q
+
+## queue
+
+A queue is a data structure that processes items in first-in, first-out order.
+Yii has a [yiisoft/queue](https://github.com/yiisoft/queue) package.
 
 # R
 
+## request
+
+Request is a PSR-7 object that represents an incoming HTTP message, including method, URI, headers, body, uploaded files,
+and attributes.
+Read more in ["Request"](runtime/request.md).
+
+## response
+
+Response is a PSR-7 object that represents an outgoing HTTP message, including status code, headers, and body.
+Read more in ["Response"](runtime/response.md).
+
+## route
+
+Route describes which request method and URL pattern should be handled by which action or middleware.
+Read more in ["Routing and URL generation"](runtime/routing.md).
+
 ## rule
 
 The rule usually refers to a validation rule of the [yiisoft/validator](https://github.com/yiisoft/validator) package.
 It holds a set of parameters for checking if a data set is valid.
 "Rule handler" does the actual processing.
 
-# Q
+# S
 
-## queue
+## service
 
-A queue is similar to a stack. Queue follows First-In-First-Out methodology.
-Yii has a [yiisoft/queue](https://github.com/yiisoft/queue) package.
+Service is a focused object that performs application work or provides infrastructure behavior and is usually stored in
+the DI container.
+Read more in ["Service components"](structure/service.md).
+
+## service provider
+
+Service provider is a class that registers related service definitions for the DI container.
+Read more in ["Service providers"](concept/configuration.md#service-providers).
+
+## session
+
+Session is server-side storage associated with a browser across multiple requests.
+Read more in ["Sessions"](runtime/sessions.md).
+
+# T
+
+## template
+
+Template is a file used by a view or template engine to produce presentation output such as HTML.
+Read more in ["Views"](views/view.md).
 
 # V
 
 ## vendor
 
-A Vendor is an organization or individual developer providing code in the form of packages. 
+A vendor is an organization or individual developer providing code in the form of packages.
 It also may refer to [Composer's `vendor` directory](https://getcomposer.org/doc/).
+
+## view
+
+View is responsible for presenting data to end users, usually by executing a template with provided data.
+Read more in ["Views"](views/view.md).
+
+# W
+
+## widget
+
+Widget is a reusable view component that renders a piece of user interface.
+Read more in ["Widgets"](views/widget.md).