diff --git a/lib/CleantalkSP/SpbctWP/Firewall/WAF.php b/lib/CleantalkSP/SpbctWP/Firewall/WAF.php
index 1f48a859e..db38b6780 100644
--- a/lib/CleantalkSP/SpbctWP/Firewall/WAF.php
+++ b/lib/CleantalkSP/SpbctWP/Firewall/WAF.php
@@ -409,6 +409,11 @@ private static function hasSignature($data, $signature)
         $result_signature_body      = false;
         $result_additionally_params = false;
 
+        // Skip catch-all regex without headers/URL (e.g. #.*# with empty waf_headers) — mass FP
+        if ( self::isUnsafeCatchAllSignature($signature_body, $what_to_check_additionally) ) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         $is_regexp = Helper::isRegexp($signature_body);
 
         if ( $is_regexp && preg_match($signature_body, $data) ) {
@@ -456,6 +461,33 @@ private static function hasSignature($data, $signature)
         return false;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Detect catch-all regex WAF rules that have no headers/URL constraints.
+     * Such rules (e.g. body "#.*#" with empty waf_headers) match every request
+     * and cause mass false positives.
+     *
+     * @param string $signature_body
+     * @param string $what_to_check_additionally
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    private static function isUnsafeCatchAllSignature($signature_body, $what_to_check_additionally)
+    {
+        if ( $what_to_check_additionally !== 'nothing' ) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ( ! is_string($signature_body) || ! Helper::isRegexp($signature_body) ) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Matches empty string and an arbitrary probe → pattern accepts any input
+        $probe = 'spbct_waf_probe_catchall_check';
+
+        return @preg_match($signature_body, '') === 1
+            && @preg_match($signature_body, $probe) === 1;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Compare signature headers and request headers
      *
diff --git a/tests/lib/CleantalkSP/SpbctWP/Firewall/WAFHasSignatureTest.php b/tests/lib/CleantalkSP/SpbctWP/Firewall/WAFHasSignatureTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb60a360a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/lib/CleantalkSP/SpbctWP/Firewall/WAFHasSignatureTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace CleantalkSP\SpbctWP\Firewall;
+
+use CleantalkSP\Common\Helpers\HTTP;
+use ReflectionMethod;
+
+class WAFHasSignatureTest extends \SpbcTestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @var ReflectionMethod
+     */
+    private $hasSignature;
+
+    /**
+     * @var ReflectionMethod
+     */
+    private $isUnsafeCatchAllSignature;
+
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+
+        $this->hasSignature = new ReflectionMethod(WAF::class, 'hasSignature');
+        $this->hasSignature->setAccessible(true);
+
+        $this->isUnsafeCatchAllSignature = new ReflectionMethod(WAF::class, 'isUnsafeCatchAllSignature');
+        $this->isUnsafeCatchAllSignature->setAccessible(true);
+
+        // Reset cached HTTP headers between tests
+        HTTP::getInstance()->http_headers = array();
+    }
+
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        HTTP::getInstance()->http_headers = array();
+        unset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']);
+        parent::tearDown();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param string $data
+     * @param array  $signature
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    private function callHasSignature($data, array $signature)
+    {
+        return $this->hasSignature->invoke(null, $data, $signature);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Incident #4471: catch-all body without headers must not match.
+     */
+    public function testCatchAllWithoutHeadersDoesNotMatch()
+    {
+        $signature = array(
+            'body'        => '#.*#',
+            'waf_headers' => null,
+            'waf_url'     => null,
+        );
+
+        $this->assertFalse($this->callHasSignature('', $signature));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->callHasSignature('anything', $signature));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->callHasSignature('?page=1', $signature));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Empty string headers are treated the same as NULL.
+     */
+    public function testCatchAllWithEmptyHeadersDoesNotMatch()
+    {
+        $signature = array(
+            'body'        => '#.*#',
+            'waf_headers' => '',
+            'waf_url'     => '',
+        );
+
+        $this->assertFalse($this->callHasSignature('query', $signature));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Catch-all with modifiers must also be rejected without constraints.
+     */
+    public function testCatchAllWithModifiersWithoutHeadersDoesNotMatch()
+    {
+        $signature = array(
+            'body'        => '#.*#i',
+            'waf_headers' => null,
+            'waf_url'     => null,
+        );
+
+        $this->assertFalse($this->callHasSignature('query', $signature));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Catch-all is valid when constrained by matching request headers.
+     */
+    public function testCatchAllWithMatchingHeadersDoesMatch()
+    {
+        $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] = 'WPSCAN';
+        HTTP::getInstance()->http_headers = array();
+
+        $signature = array(
+            'body'        => '#.*#',
+            'waf_headers' => json_encode(array('User-Agent' => 'WPSCAN')),
+            'waf_url'     => null,
+        );
+
+        $this->assertTrue($this->callHasSignature('', $signature));
+        $this->assertTrue($this->callHasSignature('any-query', $signature));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Catch-all with headers that do not match the request must not fire.
+     */
+    public function testCatchAllWithNonMatchingHeadersDoesNotMatch()
+    {
+        $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] = 'Mozilla/5.0';
+        HTTP::getInstance()->http_headers = array();
+
+        $signature = array(
+            'body'        => '#.*#',
+            'waf_headers' => json_encode(array('User-Agent' => 'WPSCAN')),
+            'waf_url'     => null,
+        );
+
+        $this->assertFalse($this->callHasSignature('any-query', $signature));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Narrow regexp without headers must still work (not a catch-all).
+     */
+    public function testNarrowRegexpWithoutHeadersStillMatches()
+    {
+        $signature = array(
+            'body'        => '#wp-config\.php#',
+            'waf_headers' => null,
+            'waf_url'     => null,
+        );
+
+        $this->assertTrue($this->callHasSignature('download=wp-config.php', $signature));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->callHasSignature('page=home', $signature));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->callHasSignature('', $signature));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Literal (non-regexp) body without headers must still work.
+     */
+    public function testLiteralBodyWithoutHeadersStillMatches()
+    {
+        $signature = array(
+            'body'        => 'eval(',
+            'waf_headers' => null,
+            'waf_url'     => null,
+        );
+
+        $this->assertTrue($this->callHasSignature('x=eval(base64_decode(1))', $signature));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->callHasSignature('x=safe', $signature));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Direct unit coverage for the catch-all detector.
+     */
+    public function testIsUnsafeCatchAllSignatureDetector()
+    {
+        $this->assertTrue(
+            $this->isUnsafeCatchAllSignature->invoke(null, '#.*#', 'nothing')
+        );
+        $this->assertTrue(
+            $this->isUnsafeCatchAllSignature->invoke(null, '#^.*$#', 'nothing')
+        );
+        $this->assertFalse(
+            $this->isUnsafeCatchAllSignature->invoke(null, '#.*#', 'only_headers')
+        );
+        $this->assertFalse(
+            $this->isUnsafeCatchAllSignature->invoke(null, '#wp-config#', 'nothing')
+        );
+        $this->assertFalse(
+            $this->isUnsafeCatchAllSignature->invoke(null, 'eval(', 'nothing')
+        );
+    }
+}